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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their local professor relationship as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see example 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This ability can aid researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 정품 확인법 (http://yd.yichang.cc/home.php?mod=space&uid=836513) DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking.
A recent study utilized a DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They are not necessarily accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further study on alternative methods for measuring refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performances in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four primary factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs often resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within a period of two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life experiences. They also spoke of external factors such as relational advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 슬롯 추천 - www.Google.co.ao, linguistic rules of their university.
The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to when their social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native friends would think they are "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it is advisable for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultures on the behavior of students and 프라그마틱 카지노 classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data, such as documents, interviews, and observations to support its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine unique or complex subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context.
This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding and perception of the world.
The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to approach and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.
CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their local professor relationship as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see example 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This ability can aid researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 정품 확인법 (http://yd.yichang.cc/home.php?mod=space&uid=836513) DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking.
A recent study utilized a DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They are not necessarily accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further study on alternative methods for measuring refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performances in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four primary factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs often resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within a period of two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life experiences. They also spoke of external factors such as relational advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 슬롯 추천 - www.Google.co.ao, linguistic rules of their university.
The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to when their social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native friends would think they are "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it is advisable for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultures on the behavior of students and 프라그마틱 카지노 classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data, such as documents, interviews, and observations to support its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine unique or complex subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context.
This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding and perception of the world.
The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to approach and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.
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