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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of living organisms can lead to their development over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, such as different varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can live in either salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that favor particular host plants. These reversible traits however, are not able to be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for centuries. The best-established explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well-adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually develops into a new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors including reproduction, variation and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to his or her offspring that includes dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of generating fertile, viable offspring. This can be achieved via sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all the factors are in balance. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele allows an organism to reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene The dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic is more likely to survive and reproduce than one with an unadaptive trait. The more offspring an organism can produce the better its fitness that is determined by its ability to reproduce itself and survive. People with good characteristics, such as a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire traits by use or inactivity. If a giraffe extends its neck to reach prey, and the neck becomes larger, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of a gene are randomly distributed within a population. At some point, one will reach fixation (become so common that it cannot be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles drop to lower frequency. In extreme cases this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has been reduced to a minimum. In a small group it could result in the complete elimination of recessive gene. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process when a large number of individuals move to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are condensed into a small area. The survivors will carry a dominant allele and thus will have the same phenotype. This situation might be caused by a conflict, earthquake, or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite the famous example of twins who are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype, 에볼루션 사이트코리아 (Gitlab.Digineers.Nl) but one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to progress. The primary alternative is a process known as natural selection, where the phenotypic diversity of the population is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as a force or a cause and treating other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation, and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal mechanism account of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He also argues that drift has an orientation, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

In high school, students take biology classes, 에볼루션 코리아 블랙잭 (sonygeography.Com) they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms through the inheritance of traits that are a result of an organism's natural activities, use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with an image of a giraffe stretching its neck further to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to him, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as having given the subject its first broad and comprehensive analysis.

The prevailing story is that Lamarckism was a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and both theories battled it out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, like natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to the next generation. However, 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 this concept was never a central part of any of their theories on evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically tested.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a huge amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological feature, such as fur or feathers or a behavior like moving into the shade in the heat or 에볼루션 바카라 leaving at night to avoid the cold.

The capacity of an organism to draw energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and it should be able to locate sufficient food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing itself at an optimal rate within its environment.

These elements, in conjunction with mutation and gene flow can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of novel traits and eventually, new species over time.

Many of the features we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur for insulation and long legs to get away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation it is essential to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out companions or to move to the shade during hot weather, aren't. It is important to keep in mind that the absence of planning doesn't result in an adaptation. In fact, a failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptable, despite the fact that it may appear to be logical or even necessary.